Motor vehicle apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

Some embodiments of the present invention comprise an active wing apparatus for a motor vehicle, the apparatus comprising a wing assembly configured to reversibly deploy in a first direction from a stowed condition to a deployed condition and reversibly expand telescopically along a second direction transverse to the first direction from a compact condition to an expanded condition, wherein the wing assembly is configured to expand telescopically when the wing apparatus deploys from the stowed condition to the deployed condition.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a motor vehicle active wing apparatus.

BACKGROUND

It is known to provide a motor vehicle having a rear mounted wing for generating a down force when the vehicle is travelling at speed. The down force increases the force between wheels of the vehicle and the driving surface, enhancing traction. In some vehicles the wing is fixed whilst in some known vehicles the wing is retractable. In the case of retractable wings, packaging of the wing in the retracted condition can be a problem due to extreme packaging constraints, particularly in vehicles intended to provide high performance at speed.

It is against this background that the present invention has been conceived. Embodiments of the invention may provide an apparatus, vehicle, controller, method, carrier medium, computer program product, computer readable medium or processor which addresses the above problems. Other aims and advantages of embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description, claims and drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an aspect of the invention for which protection is sought there is provided an active wing apparatus for a motor vehicle, the apparatus comprising a wing assembly configured to reversibly deploy in a first direction from a stowed condition to a deployed condition and reversibly expand telescopically along a second direction transverse to the first direction from a compact condition to an expanded condition, wherein the wing assembly is configured to expand telescopically when the wing apparatus deploys from the stowed condition to the deployed condition.

Embodiments of the present invention have the advantage that the active wing apparatus may be made relatively compact when in the stowed condition, whilst the wing assembly is able to provide a relatively large surface area to generate a desired aerodynamic effect when the apparatus is in the deployed condition.

Optionally, the wing assembly comprises a primary wing portion and a secondary wing portion, the secondary wing portion being slidably received within the primary wing portion, the wing assembly being configured to reversibly expand telescopically by movement of the secondary wing portion outwardly from within the primary wing portion.

The secondary wing portion may be arranged to slide in the second direction in some embodiments. It is to be understood that the second direction may be parallel to a lateral axis of the vehicle. The second direction may be a laterally outward direction with respect to a longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle.

Optionally, the secondary wing portion comprises first and second secondary wing components configured to move outwardly from respective of the primary wing portion when the apparatus transitions from the retracted to the deployed conditions to cause the wing assembly to reversibly expand telescopically.

The apparatus may comprise a single drive portion that is configured to cause the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and expand telescopically.

Optionally, the drive portion comprises a single actuator arranged to cause the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and expand telescopically.

The feature that movement of the first and second secondary wing portions may be coordinated or synchronised automatically by a single actuator has the advantage that a complexity and potentially a cost of the apparatus may be reduced by reducing the number of components required. The single actuator may be the only actuator for causing the wing assembly reversibly to deploy.

Optionally, the drive portion is configured to drive at least one threaded shaft to cause the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and expand telescopically.

Optionally, the single actuator comprises a single electric motor.

Other types of actuator may be useful in some embodiments such as a piezoelectric actuator, for example a piezoelectric linear actuator.

It is to be understood that a single threaded shaft may drive both the first and second secondary wing components. Respective portions of the threaded shaft that are coupled to the first and second secondary wing components may have threads of opposite handedness. Thus the portion of the threaded shaft to which the first secondary wing portion is coupled may be one of a left-hand or right-hand thread, whilst the portion of the threaded shaft to which the second secondary wing portion is coupled may be the other of a left-hand or right-hand thread.

Alternatively, two threaded shafts may be provided, optionally of opposite handedness, one to drive the first secondary wing portion and one to drive the second secondary wing portion. The two shafts may be driven by a single drive portion, optionally a single actuator, optionally a single electric motor. For example the threaded shafts may be coupled to opposite ends of a drive shaft of the electric motor.

The apparatus may comprise lifting means for lifting the wing assembly when the apparatus is reversibly deployed in the first direction from the stowed condition to the deployed condition.

Optionally, the drive portion is configured to cause the wing assembly to reversibly deploy in the first direction from the stowed condition to the deployed condition by causing the lifting means to cause lifting of the wing assembly.

Optionally, the lifting means comprises at least one lifting arm.

Optionally, at least one end of the at least one lifting arm is configured to rotate about a first pivot axis to cause lifting of the wing assembly.

Optionally, a second end of the at least one lifting arm is coupled to at least one said at least one threaded shaft and a first end opposite the second is arranged to pivot about the first pivot axis, the first pivot axis being provided at a substantially fixed location, wherein rotation of the at least one threaded shaft causes the second end of the at least one lifting arm to travel along the at least one threaded shaft causing pivoting of the lifting arm about a second pivot axis at the second end causing raising or lowering of the wing assembly.

Further optionally, the first end of the at least one lifting arm is coupled to a base portion of the apparatus.

The base portion of the apparatus may be arranged to be fixedly coupled to a portion of a body of the vehicle. Optionally the base portion may be arranged to be coupled to a portion of a boot lid of the vehicle.

Optionally, the lifting means comprises at least two lifting arms arranged to pivot about their first ends in substantially opposite directions when the at least one threaded shaft is caused to rotate by means of the drive means.

It is to be understood that, in some embodiments, rotation of the at least one threaded shaft may cause the apparatus to transition part-way between the stowed and deployed conditions, with initial and/or final movement from one condition to the other being effected by one or more other means. In some embodiments, initial movement of the apparatus from the stowed condition and/or the deployed condition may be effected by means other than rotation of the at least one threaded shaft in addition to or instead of rotation of the at least one threaded shaft.

The apparatus may further comprise anchor means configured reversibly to couple the apparatus to a structural member of the vehicle when the apparatus transitions from the stowed to the deployed conditions.

Optionally, the anchor means is coupled to the lifting means, wherein the lifting means causes the anchor means reversibly to couple the apparatus to the structural member of the vehicle when the apparatus transitions from the stowed to the deployed conditions.

Optionally, the anchor means comprises at least one shooting bolt configured to assume a deployed position when the apparatus is in the deployed condition and a stowed position when the apparatus in the stowed condition, wherein with the apparatus in the deployed condition the shooting bolt locks the apparatus to the structural member of the vehicle and with the apparatus in the stowed condition the apparatus is released from the structural member.

Optionally, at least one shooting bolt is coupled to at least one lifting arm, the apparatus being arranged wherein movement of the at least one lifting arm towards the deployed condition causes the at least one shooting bolt to move towards the deployed position.

In some embodiments, as the at least one lifting arm is raised to the deployed position the at least one shooting bolt moves towards the deployed position to lock the apparatus to the structural member. At least a portion of the at least one shooting bolt may be arranged to pass through an aperture formed in the structural member so as to lock the apparatus to the structural member. The at least one shooting bolt may be arranged to move axially in a substantially horizontal plane when it moves from the deployed position to lock the apparatus to the structural member.

Optionally, each said at least one shooting bolt is coupled to at least one said at least one lifting arm by means of a bar linkage to form a slider crank mechanism, wherein rotation of the at least one lifting arm causes the bar linkage to cause axial translation of the at least one shooting bolt from the stowed condition to the deployed condition.

The apparatus may further comprise pitch adjustment means for adjusting a pitch angle of the wing assembly in real time whilst the vehicle is travelling, the pitch adjustment means comprising a pitch adjustment actuator for adjusting the pitch angle.

It is to be understood that the means for adjusting pitch angle may be employed to adjust an angle of attack of the wing assembly to airflow, thereby enabling adjustment of an aerodynamic force generated by the wing assembly in use.

Optionally, the pitch adjustment means is configured to cause rotation of the wing assembly about an axis parallel to the second direction.

Optionally, the pitch adjustment actuator comprises an electric motor configured to cause said rotation.

In a further aspect of the invention for which protection is sought there is provided a controller for controlling apparatus according to any preceding claim, the controller being configured to cause the apparatus to assume the retracted condition or the deployed condition in dependence at least in part on at least one input signal.

The controller may be configured to receive a vehicle speed signal indicative of vehicle speed over ground, the controller being configured to cause the apparatus to assume the deployed condition if when apparatus is in the retracted condition and vehicle speed exceeds a first deployment speed value, and to assume the retracted condition if the apparatus is in the deployed condition and vehicle speed falls below a first retraction speed value.

Optionally, the first deployment speed value is greater than the first retraction speed value.

This feature has the advantage that hysteresis may be introduced in respect of raising and lowering of the wing apparatus, reducing the risk of mode chattering whereby the apparatus switches repeatedly between deployment and retraction of the wing assembly in relatively rapid succession as vehicle speed fluctuates above and below the deployment speed value.

The controller may be configured to cause adjustment of the pitch angle of the wing assembly by means of the pitch adjustment means.

Optionally, the controller is configured to cause a temporary increase in the pitch angle of the wing assembly to increase a downward force imposed by the wing apparatus when the apparatus is in the deployed condition and at least one predetermined force enhancement condition exists.

The controller may be configured to receive a signal indicative of the amount of brake force generated by the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the amount of brake force exceeds a predetermined value.

This feature has the advantage that the amount of brake force that may be generated between a braked wheel such as a rear wheel and a driving surface may be increased in some embodiments due to an increase in contact force between the wheel and surface.

Optionally, the controller is configured to receive a signal indicative of the amount of lateral acceleration experienced by the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the amount of lateral acceleration exceeds a predetermined lateral acceleration value and/or the steering angle of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined steering angle.

Thus the amount of downward force generated by the wing apparatus may be increased if the vehicle is cornering, enhancing grip between the vehicle and driving surface.

In an aspect of the invention for which protection is sought there is provided a vehicle comprising apparatus according to a preceding aspect.

The vehicle may comprise a controller according to a preceding aspect.

Optionally, the apparatus is arranged to be coupled to a boot lid of the motor vehicle and the anchor means is configured releasably to couple the apparatus to a structural member of the vehicle, wherein the structural member forms part of a body of the vehicle other than the boot lid.

Optionally, the structural member is a portion of the body of the vehicle that defines at least in part an aperture that is opened and closed by the boot lid, and with respect to which the boot lid moves when the boot lid is opened or closed.

It is to be understood that the structural member may comprise a portion of the body of the vehicle to which the boot lid is attached.

In an aspect of the invention for which protection is sought there is provided a method of increasing traction between a vehicle and ground, the method comprising causing a wing assembly of an active wing apparatus to reversibly deploy in a first direction from a stowed condition to a deployed condition and reversibly expand telescopically along a second direction transverse to the first direction from a compact condition to an expanded condition, wherein the wing assembly is configured to expand telescopically when the wing apparatus deploys from the stowed condition to the deployed condition.

It is to be understood that telescope expansion may occur before, during or after the active wing apparatus has deployed in the first direction. Thus, in some embodiments the wing apparatus may deploy in the first direction and then expand along the second direction. Alternatively, in some embodiments the wing apparatus may deploy in the first direction and, whilst moving in the first direction, expand along the second direction. In some further alternative embodiments the wing apparatus may expand along the second direction and then, having expanded, deploy in the first direction. In some embodiments expansion in the second direction may occur during deployment in the first direction; optionally, movement of the wing assembly in the first direction may cause expansion of the wing assembly in the second direction.

Optionally, reversibly deploying the wing assembly in a first direction from the stowed condition to the deployed condition comprises causing lifting of the wing assembly from a location within a boot lid of the vehicle.

The method may comprise causing the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and reversibly expand by means of a single actuator.

The method may comprise causing the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and reversibly expand by means of a single actuator in the form of an electric motor.

The method may comprise automatically causing the apparatus to reversibly deploy when the apparatus is in the stowed condition and vehicle speed exceeds a first deployment speed value, and to assume the stowed condition if the apparatus is in the deployed condition and vehicle speed falls below a first retraction speed value.

Optionally, the first deployment speed value is greater than the first retraction speed value.

The method may comprise automatically causing adjustment of the pitch angle of the wing assembly by means of pitch adjustment means.

Optionally, the method comprises automatically causing a temporary increase in the pitch angle of the wing assembly to increase a downward force imposed by the wing apparatus when the apparatus is in the deployed condition and at least one predetermined force enhancement condition exists.

It is to be understood that the pitch angle of the wing assembly may return to a predetermined position when no predetermined force enhancement condition exists. It is to be understood that the temporary increase in pitch angle may be caused under the control of a controller.

The method may comprise receiving at least one predetermined force enhancement condition signal comprising a signal indicative of the amount of brake force generated by the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the amount of brake force exceeds a predetermined value.

This feature has the advantage that the amount of brake force that may be generated between a braked wheel and a driving surface may be increased due to an increase in contact force between the wheel and surface.

Optionally, the method comprises receiving at least one predetermined force enhancement condition signal comprising a signal indicative of the amount of lateral acceleration experienced by the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the amount of lateral acceleration exceeds a predetermined lateral acceleration value.

The method may comprise receiving at least one predetermined force enhancement condition signal comprising a signal indicative of the steering angle of the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the steering angle exceeds a predetermined value.

The signal indicative of the steering angle of the vehicle may comprise a signal indicative of a steerable road wheel angle or a signal indicative of the angular position of a steering wheel.

In an aspect of the invention for which protection is sought there is provided a non-transitory computer readable carrier medium carrying a computer readable code for controlling a vehicle to carry out the method of another aspect.

In an aspect of the invention for which protection is sought there is provided a computer program product executable on a processor so as to implement the method of another aspect.

In an aspect of the invention for which protection is sought there is provided a computer readable medium loaded with the computer program product of another aspect.

In an aspect of the invention for which protection is sought there is provided a processor arranged to implement the method of another aspect, or the computer program product of another aspect.

Within the scope of this application it is expressly intended that the various aspects, embodiments, examples and alternatives set out in the preceding paragraphs, in the claims and/or in the following description and drawings, and in particular the individual features thereof, may be taken independently or in any combination. That is, all embodiments and/or features of any embodiment can be combined in any way and/or combination, unless such features are incompatible. The applicant reserves the right to change any originally filed claim or file any new claim accordingly, including the right to amend any originally filed claim to depend from and/or incorporate any feature of any other claim although not originally claimed in that manner.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a sectional rear view of a rear wing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention in a deployed condition as viewed in a forward direction along a longitudinal axis of a motor vehicle body to which the apparatus is mounted;

FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the rear wing apparatus of FIG. 1 in the deployed condition and mounted to a tray provided in a rear boot lid of a vehicle;

FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of the rear wing apparatus of FIG. 1 in the retracted condition;

FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the rear wing apparatus of FIG. 1 mid-way between the retracted and deployed conditions;

FIG. 5 is a sectional side view of the rear wing apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a rear perspective view of rear wing apparatus according to a further embodiment of the present invention in the deployed condition showing a pitch control device but with the boot lid not shown for clarity;

FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of the rear wing apparatus of the embodiment of FIG. 6 but with the wing assembly in a steeper pitch-down condition relative to that shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a rear perspective view of the rear wing apparatus of FIG. 1 in (a) a deployed condition, (b) a partially retracted condition and (c) a retracted condition; and

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a vehicle incorporating the rear wing apparatus of FIG. 1 in a boot lid thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a section view of a rear wing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. An x-axis of the Cartesian coordinate system illustrated is directed into the plane of the page as indicated by the feathered arrow indicated at x. FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the apparatus 100 mounted to a tray 50T provided in the lid 50L of a rear boot (or trunk) of a motor vehicle having a body 50B a portion of which is shown in FIG. 1. The apparatus 100 has a base portion 105B that is configured to be fixed to a base of the tray 50T of the boot lid 50L. The base portion 105B carries a pair of lever arms 112L, 112R that support an expandable wing assembly 120 of the apparatus 100.

The pair of lever arms 112L, 112R are each pivotably coupled at a first end to the base portion 105B about respective axes parallel to a longitudinal (x) axis of the vehicle body 50B. The lever arms 112L, 112R are provided inboard of respective left and right opposite lateral ends of the base portion 105B and are each arranged to pivot between a retracted position in which they project inwardly towards a centreline of the vehicle body 50B, and a deployed position in which they are each substantially vertically oriented. FIG. 1 shows the apparatus 100 with the lever arms 112L, 112R in the deployed position, with the expandable wing assembly 120 raised to a deployed position. In the embodiment shown the lever arms 112L, 112R lie in a substantially horizontal plane when the apparatus 100 is in the retracted condition as shown in FIG. 3.

A second end of each lever arm 112L, 112R opposite the first is pivotably coupled to a respective threaded union joint 123L, 123R each of which sits within a primary wing portion 126 of the expandable wing assembly 120. The union joints 123L, 123R each have a threaded bore, the bores of the respective joints 123L, 123R being of opposite thread to one another. In the present embodiment the left-hand union joint 123L carries a left-hand thread and the right-hand union joint 123R carries a right-hand thread.

A pair of threaded bars 122L, 122R are also provided within the primary wing portion 126 and pass through the bores of respective union joints 123L, 123R. A first bar 122L that passes through the left-hand union joint 123L carries a left-hand thread corresponding to that of the left-hand union join 123L and a second bar 122R that passes through the right-hand union joint 123R carries a right-hand thread corresponding to that of the right-hand union join 123R.

The threaded bars 122L, 122R are coupled to a primary drive motor 121 that is substantially coaxial with the bars 122L, 122R. The bars 122L, 122R are coupled to respective left and right spindles of the motor 121 in the arrangement shown and the motor 121 is configured to cause rotation of the bars 122L, 122R relative to a casing 121C of the motor 121. The casing 121C is coupled to the primary wing portion 126 of the wing assembly 120. Accordingly, the motor 121 is able to cause turning of the threaded bar 122 relative to the primary wing portion 126 which in turn causes the union joints 123L, 123R to move either towards one another, i.e. in an inboard direction within the primary wing portion 126, or away from one another, i.e. in an outboard direction. It is to be understood that if in the position shown in FIG. 1 the motor 121 rotates in a direction to cause the union joints 123L, 123R to move in the inboard direction, the primary wing portion 126 will be lowered. Rotation of the motor 121 in the opposite direction causes the primary wing portion 126 to be raised.

The union joints 123L, 123R are each coupled to an inboard end of a respective secondary wing portion 127L, 127R. The secondary wing portions 127L, 127R are arranged concentrically with respect to the primary wing portion 126 and are configured to extend telescopically from the primary wing portion 126 when the union joints 123L, 123R are moved in an outboard direction. That is, when the union joints 123L, 123R are moved in an outboard direction from the position assumed when the apparatus 100 is in the retracted condition to the position assumed when the apparatus 100 is in the deployed condition (illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2), the secondary wing portions 127L, 127R move from respective retracted positions in which they sit substantially wholly within the primary wing portion 126 to extended (deployed) positions in which they project from the primary wing portion 126 in a laterally outboard direction, increasing the overall wing span of the wing assembly 120.

It is to be understood that one advantage of the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that the action of a single actuator, the primary drive motor 121, is able to cause both raising of the wing assembly 120 and extension of the wing assembly from a first wing span value (corresponding to the lateral length of the primary wing portion 126) to a second wing span value (corresponding to the lateral length of the primary wing portion 126 and extended portions of the secondary wing portions 127L, 127R). In the present embodiment, the first wing span value is substantially 1.25 m and the second wing span value is substantially 2 m. Other values may be useful in some embodiments, depending on the required performance characteristics and constraints imposed by available package space within the boot lid 50L.

The manner in which switching of the apparatus 100 between the retracted and deployed conditions is effected is described in more detail below.

In the present embodiment, an automatic shooting bolt arrangement is provided for locking the rear wing apparatus 100 to the vehicle body structure 50B when the apparatus 100 assumes the deployed condition. It is to be understood that the aerodynamic downforce generated by the wing assembly 120 may be substantial when the vehicle is travelling at speed. Accordingly, the boot lid 50L and components by means of which the lid 50L is attached to the vehicle body 50B may be subject to substantial downward force. The downward force can cause accelerated degradation of these components, which are required to perform important primary functions such as hinging of the boot lid (in the case of hinges) or secure closure of the boot lid 50L in the case of a lock. Accordingly, the present applicant has conceived the feature of anchoring or locking the rear wing apparatus 100 to the body 50B of the vehicle when the wing assembly 120 assumes the deployed condition so that forces on the wing assembly 120 are transmitted at least in part directly to the vehicle body 50B from the apparatus 100 and not entirely via hinges and/or a lock.

To this effect, the first end of each of the lever arms 112L, 112R carries a cam-like portion that is coupled to a first end of a respective bar linkage 112B that is in turn coupled at a second end to a respective shooting bolt 113L, 113R. As can be seen in FIG. 1, rotation of the lever arms 112L, 112R causes movement of first ends of the respective bar linkages 112B in an outboard direction when the lever arms 112L, 112R are raised, which in turn causes shooting bolts 113L, 113R to slide laterally outboard so that the bolts 113L, 113R project laterally outboard from the tray 50T of the boot lid 50L. With the boot lid 50L in the closed position as shown in FIG. 1, the shooting bolts 113L, 113R slide through respective apertures into recesses 50BR formed in the vehicle body 50B. Accordingly, as noted above, aerodynamic forces on the rear wing apparatus 100 in a downward, upward, forward or rear direction may be transferred substantially directly to the vehicle body structure 50B, rather than substantially entirely via the boot lid 50L. This feature has the effect of reducing adverse stress loading on hinges and a lock associated with the boot lid 50L, reducing a risk of premature wear and premature failure of one or more of these components. The feature may also increase a rigidity with which the apparatus 100 is supported on the vehicle, reducing relative movement between the apparatus 100 and vehicle body 50B. This may in turn enhance one or more handling characteristics of the vehicle.

It is to be understood that a further advantage of the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that the action of a single actuator, the primary drive motor 121, is able to cause raising of the wing assembly 120, extension of the wing assembly 120 from the first wing span value to the second wing span value and, in addition, actuation of the shooting bolts 113L, 113R to cause locking of the rear wing apparatus 100 to the vehicle body structure 50B, when the apparatus 100 assumes the deployed condition.

FIG. 4 shows the rear wing apparatus 100 in a condition mid-way between the retracted and deployed conditions.

FIG. 5 is a sectional side view of the rear wing apparatus of FIG. 1.

The apparatus 100 is also provided with a pair of vertical stabiliser devices 141L, 141R shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5 but omitted from FIG. 1 for clarity. The vertical stabiliser devices 141L, 141R are provided immediately adjacent and outboard of a respective lever arm 112L, 112R in order to increase a stiffness of the wing assembly 100 in use. The vertical stabiliser devices 141L, 141R are each in the form of a gas-filled damper that is able to increase in length as the apparatus 100 transitions from the retracted to the deployed conditions and decrease in length in a corresponding manner when the apparatus 100 transitions from the deployed to the retracted conditions. It is to be understood that in some embodiments one or both of the vertical stabiliser devices 141L, 141R may be omitted.

The rear wing apparatus 100 is also configured to allow a pitch angle of the wing assembly 120 to be adjusted whilst the wing assembly 120 is in the deployed position. FIG. 5 illustrates the means by which adjustment of the pitch angle is effected. For the purposes of the present discussion a pitch angle P of the wing assembly 120 will be considered to be the angle between a chord C of the primary wing portion 126 and a horizontal plane.

As shown in FIG. 5, a pitch actuator device 131 in the form of an extendable strut member 131 is located within each of the lever arms 112L, 112R, device 131L being provided within the left-hand lever arm 112L and device 131R being provided within the right-hand lever arm. The devices 131L, 131R are coupled at a first end to the primary wing portion 126 at a respective pitch angle articulation pivot 133L, 133R that is located forward of the respective union joints 123L, 123R. A second end opposite the first is coupled to a rearward edge of the base portion 105B of the apparatus 100.

It is to be understood that other locations of the pitch actuator devices 131L, 131R may be useful in some embodiments. In some embodiments only a single pitch actuator device is provided. In some embodiments one or more pitch actuator devices may be located externally of the lever arms 112L, 112R, instead of within a lever arm. In some embodiments the single pitch actuator is provided.

The pitch actuator devices 131L, 131R are arranged to freely pivot about the primary wing portion 126 at the respective pitch angle articulation pivot 133L, 133R. The primary wing portion 126 is also configured to pivot about the point at which the union joints 123L, 123R are coupled to the lever arms 112L, 112R. Thus, with the apparatus in the deployed position as shown in FIG. 5, adjustment of the length of the pitch actuator devices 131L, 131R allows the pitch angle P of the wing assembly 120 to be varied.

The pitch angle articulation pivots 133L, 133R are further configured to allow pivoting of the pitch actuator devices 131L, 131R about the respective pitch angle articulation pivot 133L, 133R to allow the pitch actuator devices 131L, 131R to fold towards the primary wing portion 126 when the wing apparatus 100 switches between the deployed and retracted conditions.

As noted above, the length of the pitch actuator devices 131L, 131R may be adjusted to vary the pitch angle P of the primary wing portion 126, with the wing assembly 120 assuming a steeper pitch-down condition (larger P) the shorter the length of the pitch actuator devices 131L, 131R.

FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show wing apparatus 200 according to a second embodiment of the invention. Like features of the embodiment of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 to those of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5 are shown with like reference numerals incremented by 100. The apparatus 200 is shown in FIG. 6 with the wing assembly 220 in a relatively shallow pitch-down condition, whilst FIG. 7 shows the apparatus 200 with the wing assembly 220 in a relatively steep pitch-down condition, the pitch angle being adjusted by means of pitch actuator devices (not shown) located within the lever arms 212L, 212R in a similar manner to the apparatus 100 of FIGS. 1 to 5.

A principle difference between the apparatus 100 of FIG. 1 and that of FIG. 6 is that in the apparatus of FIG. 6 a single stabiliser device 241 is provided, substantially at a lateral mid-point of the wing assembly 200. The choice of position of stabiliser for a given application of wing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may be made within the constraints of available packaging space, aerodynamic constraints such as additional drag due to increased surface area, economic constraints and so forth.

The embodiment of the rear wing apparatus 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 is provided with a cover panel 151 (FIG. 1, FIG. 8) that covers the tray 50T in which the wing assembly 120 is stored when the assembly 120 is in the deployed condition shown in FIG. 8(a). The apparatus 100 is configured to cause the cover panel 151 to be lifted to cover the void created in the tray 50T when the wing assembly 120 is raised out from the tray 50T. The direction of movement of the cover panel 151 is indicated by arrows 151A in FIG. 1. The cover panel 151 is lifted from a lowered position as shown in FIG. 8(c) to a raised position shown in FIG. 8(a) to provide a visible (‘A’) surface of the apparatus 100 that is substantially flush with a remainder of the ‘A’ surface of boot lid 50L surrounding the region in which the apparatus 100 is provided. The cover panel 151 is provided at least in part in order to reduce the amount of aerodynamic drag associated with the vehicle when travelling at speed with the apparatus 100 in the deployed condition due to turbulent flow in the region of the tray 50T, below the wing assembly 120.

It is to be understood that the upper surface of the primary wing portion 126 provides an upper visible (‘A’) surface of the apparatus 100 when the apparatus 100 assumes the retracted condition instead of the cover panel 151, which assumes the lowered position.

FIG. 8(b) shows the apparatus 100 with the wing assembly 120 in an intermediate configuration between the deployed condition of FIG. 8(a) and the lowered (retracted or stowed) condition of FIG. 8(c).

In the present embodiment, the lever arms 112L, 112R protrude through apertures 151A formed in the cover panel 151 when the apparatus 100 is in the deployed condition. Each of the lever arms 112L, 112R carries a respective pin element 153L, 153R (FIG. 1) that locates within a corresponding lateral slot 152L, 152R formed in the cover panel 151. The pin elements 153L, 153R and slots 152L, 152R are arranged such that as the lever arms 112L, 112R swing from their positions when the apparatus 100 is in the retracted (or stowed) condition to their positions when the apparatus 100 is in the deployed condition, the pin elements 153L, 153R slide within the corresponding lateral slot 152L, 152R and cause lifting of the cover panel 151 from the lowered position to the raised position, substantially flush with the remainder of the boot lid 50L as noted above. It is to be understood that other arrangements may be useful in some embodiments.

The rear wing apparatus 100 is provided in the body 50B of a vehicle 1 in combination with a controller 15 as illustrated schematically in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 also shows the boot lid 50L (FIG. 1) to which the apparatus 100 is mounted.

The controller 15 is configured to cause the primary drive motor 121 of the apparatus 100 to be operated to cause the apparatus 100 to switch between the retracted and deployed conditions, via control line 15S1. The controller 15 is also configured to cause the pitch actuator device 131 to be operated to adjust the pitch angle of the wing assembly 126, via control line 15S2. It is to be understood that, because the apparatus 100 allows adjustment of the configuration of the wing assembly 126, such as a position or orientation of the wing assembly 126, to be made in real time under the control of the controller 15 (as opposed to by direct manual adjustment of the wing assembly 126) the apparatus 100 may be referred to as an active wing apparatus 100.

In the present embodiment, the controller 15 is configured to communicate with a brake controller 11 of the vehicle 1 in order to receive real-time signals indicative of the speed of the vehicle 1 over ground, the amount of brake pressure being applied in a hydraulic braking system of the vehicle 1 in order to cause braking, and the amount of lateral acceleration experienced by the vehicle 1, at a given moment in time.

The controller 15 determines whether the apparatus 100 should be placed in the retracted or deployed condition in dependence on the signal indicative of vehicle speed. If the vehicle speed exceeds a first deployment speed value for more than a predetermined time period, the controller 15 determines that the apparatus 100 should be caused to assume the deployed condition. The controller 15 the causes the apparatus 100 to assume the deployed condition by activating the primary drive motor 121. In the present embodiment the first deployment speed value is substantially 60 kph and the predetermined time period is substantially 5 s. Other speed values and other time periods may be useful in some embodiments.

If whilst the apparatus 100 is in the deployed condition the vehicle speed falls below a first retraction sped value for more than a predetermined time period, the controller 15 determines that the apparatus should be placed in the retracted condition. Accordingly, the controller 15 causes the apparatus 100 to assume the retracted condition by again activating the primary drive motor 121, but in the reverse direction. In the present embodiment the first retraction speed value is substantially 40 kph and the predetermined time period is substantially 5 s. Other speed values and other time periods may be useful in some embodiments.

When the controller 15 causes the apparatus 100 to assume the deployed condition, the controller 15 initially causes the wing assembly 120 to assume a baseline pitch angle P that is 10 degrees below a horizontal reference plane, the horizontal reference plane being a plane that is fixed with respect to the vehicle body 50B.

Whilst the apparatus 100 is in the deployed condition, the controller 15 monitors the signal indicative of brake pressure (‘brake pressure signal’) and the signal indicative of lateral acceleration (‘lateral acceleration signal’) in order to determine the required pitch angle P of the wing assembly 120.

In the present embodiment, the controller 15 causes the pitch angle P of the wing assembly 120 to be set to a predetermined value other than the baseline pitch angle in the event that the controller 15 determines that a predetermined force enhancement condition exists.

The controller determines that a predetermined force enhancement condition exists if any one of the following conditions is met:

(i) the lateral acceleration signal indicates that the amount of lateral acceleration experienced by the vehicle exceeds a first predetermined lateral acceleration value or has exceeded this period within a predetermined lateral acceleration period of the present time; or

(ii) the brake pressure signal indicates that the amount of brake pressure exceeds a first predetermined brake pressure value or has exceeded this period within a predetermined brake pressure period of the present time.

In the event that only condition (i) is met, the controller 15 causes the pitch angle P of the wing assembly 120 to be set to a first predetermined cornering pitch angle, by causing actuation of the pitch actuator device 131.

In the event that only condition (ii) is met, the controller 15 causes the pitch angle P of the wing assembly 120 to be set to a first predetermined braking pitch angle.

In the event that both conditions (i) and (ii) are met, the controller 15 causes the pitch angle P of the wing assembly 120 to be set to the higher of the first predetermined cornering pitch angle and the first predetermined braking pitch angle. If one of the two conditions is subsequently not met but the other is, the controller 15 causes the pitch angle to be set to the value corresponding to the condition that is met, until the condition is no longer met. When neither condition is met the controller 15 causes the pitch angle P of the wing assembly 120 to revert to the baseline pitch angle.

In the present embodiment, the first predetermined cornering pitch angle is substantially 30 degrees below the horizontal plane, the first predetermined lateral acceleration value is 0.5 g and the predetermined brake pressure period is substantially 5 s. Other values of predetermined cornering pitch angle, predetermined lateral acceleration value and predetermined brake pressure period may be useful in some embodiments.

In the present embodiment the first predetermined braking pitch angle is substantially 30 degrees, the first predetermined brake pressure value is substantially 5 bar and the predetermined brake pressure period is 5 s. Other values of first predetermined braking pitch angle, predetermined brake pressure value and predetermined brake pressure period may be useful in some embodiments.

In some embodiments, in the event that both of conditions (i) and (ii) are met the controller 15 may cause the pitch angle P of the wing assembly 120 to be set to a predetermined value that is higher than both the first predetermined cornering pitch angle and the first predetermined braking pitch angle in order to further increase the downward force imposed on the vehicle 1 by the wing assembly 120 whilst the vehicle 1 is braking and cornering.

In some embodiments, the pitch angle P to which the wing assembly 120 is set during cornering may be dependent on the lateral acceleration value experienced by the vehicle 1, the amount by which the pitch angle is steepened below the baseline value increasing with increasing lateral acceleration as indicated by the lateral acceleration signal.

Similarly, in some embodiments, the pitch angle P to which the wing assembly 120 is set during braking may be dependent on the brake pressure value experienced by the vehicle 1, the amount by which the pitch angle is steepened below the baseline value increasing with increasing brake pressure value as indicated by the brake pressure signal.

In some embodiments, the wing apparatus 100 may be configured to assume the deployed condition when vehicle speed exceeds a predetermined value and, once deployed, remain deployed until the vehicle 1 remains stationary for more than a predetermined time period, or the vehicle is placed in a parked condition. The controller 15 may determine that the vehicle 1 is in a parked condition by one or more of a variety of means, for example by determining that a driver has placed a transmission of the vehicle in a ‘park’ or similar mode, where the transmission has such a mode, that the driver has switched off an engine of the vehicle, and/or any other suitable means.

It will be understood that the embodiments described above are given by way of example only and are not intended to limit the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words “comprise” and “contain” and variations of the words, for example “comprising” and “comprises”, means “including but not limited to”, and is not intended to (and does not) exclude other moieties, additives, components, integers or steps.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.

Features, integers, characteristics, compounds, chemical moieties or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith.

The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference. 

1. An active wing apparatus for a motor vehicle, the apparatus comprising a wing assembly configured to reversibly deploy in a first direction from a stowed condition to a deployed condition and reversibly expand telescopically along a second direction transverse to the first direction from a compact condition to an expanded condition, wherein the wing assembly is configured to expand telescopically when the wing apparatus deploys from the stowed condition to the deployed condition.
 2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the wing assembly comprises a primary wing portion and a secondary wing portion, the secondary wing portion being slidably received within the primary wing portion, the wing assembly being configured to reversibly expand telescopically by movement of the secondary wing portion outwardly from within the primary wing portion.
 3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the secondary wing portion comprises first and second secondary wing components configured to move outwardly from respective of the primary wing portion when the apparatus transitions from the retracted to the deployed conditions to cause the wing assembly to reversibly expand telescopically.
 4. Apparatus according to any preceding claim comprising a single drive portion that is configured to cause the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and expand telescopically.
 5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the drive portion comprises a single actuator arranged to cause the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and expand telescopically.
 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or claim 5 wherein the drive portion is configured to drive at least one threaded shaft to cause the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and expand telescopically.
 7. Apparatus wherein the single actuator comprises a single electric motor.
 8. Apparatus according to any preceding claim comprising lifting means for lifting the wing assembly when the apparatus is reversibly deployed in the first direction from the stowed condition to the deployed condition.
 9. Apparatus according to claim 8 as depending through claim 4 wherein the drive portion is configured to cause the wing assembly to reversibly deploy in the first direction from the stowed condition to the deployed condition by causing the lifting means to cause lifting of the wing assembly.
 10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or claim 9 wherein the lifting means comprises at least one lifting arm.
 11. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein at least one end of the at least one lifting arm is configured to rotate about a first pivot axis to cause lifting of the wing assembly.
 12. Apparatus according to claim 11 as depending through claim 6 wherein a second end of the at least one lifting arm is coupled to at least one said at least one threaded shaft and a first end opposite the second is arranged to pivot about the first pivot axis, the first pivot axis being provided at a substantially fixed location, wherein rotation of the at least one threaded shaft causes the second end of the at least one lifting arm to travel along the at least one threaded shaft causing pivoting of the lifting arm about a second pivot axis at the second end causing raising or lowering of the wing assembly.
 13. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the first end of the at least one lifting arm is coupled to a base portion of the apparatus.
 14. Apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 13 wherein the lifting means comprises at least two lifting arms arranged to pivot about their first ends in substantially opposite directions when the at least one threaded shaft is caused to rotate by means of the drive means.
 15. Apparatus according to any preceding claim further comprising anchor means configured reversibly to couple the apparatus to a structural member of the vehicle when the apparatus transitions from the stowed to the deployed conditions.
 16. Apparatus according to claim 15 as depending through claim 8 wherein the anchor means is coupled to the lifting means, wherein the lifting means causes the anchor means reversibly to couple the apparatus to the structural member of the vehicle when the apparatus transitions from the stowed to the deployed conditions.
 17. Apparatus according to claim 15 or 16 wherein the anchor means comprises at least one shooting bolt configured to assume a deployed position when the apparatus is in the deployed condition and a stowed position when the apparatus in the stowed condition, wherein with the apparatus in the deployed condition the shooting bolt locks the apparatus to the structural member of the vehicle and with the apparatus in the stowed condition the apparatus is released from the structural member.
 18. Apparatus according to claim 17 as depending through claim 10 wherein at least one shooting bolt is coupled to at least one lifting arm, the apparatus being arranged wherein movement of the at least one lifting arm towards the deployed condition causes the at least one shooting bolt to move towards the deployed position.
 19. Apparatus according to claim 18 as depending through claim 11 wherein each said at least one shooting bolt is coupled to at least one said at least one lifting arm by means of a bar linkage to form a slider crank mechanism, wherein rotation of the at least one lifting arm causes the bar linkage to cause axial translation of the at least one shooting bolt from the stowed condition to the deployed condition.
 20. Apparatus according to any preceding claim further comprising pitch adjustment means for adjusting a pitch angle of the wing assembly in real time whilst the vehicle is travelling, the pitch adjustment means comprising a pitch adjustment actuator for adjusting the pitch angle.
 21. Apparatus according to claim 20 wherein the pitch adjustment means is configured to cause rotation of the wing assembly about an axis parallel to the second direction.
 22. Apparatus according to claim 21 wherein the pitch adjustment actuator comprises an electric motor configured to cause said rotation.
 23. A controller for controlling apparatus according to any preceding claim, the controller being configured to cause the apparatus to assume the retracted condition or the deployed condition in dependence at least in part on at least one input signal.
 24. A controller according to claim 23 configured to receive a vehicle speed signal indicative of vehicle speed over ground, the controller being configured to cause the apparatus to assume the deployed condition if when apparatus is in the retracted condition and vehicle speed exceeds a first deployment speed value, and to assume the retracted condition if the apparatus is in the deployed condition and vehicle speed falls below a first retraction speed value.
 25. A controller according to claim 24 wherein the first deployment speed value is greater than the first retraction speed value.
 26. A controller according to any one of claims 23 to 25 depending through claim 20 configured to cause adjustment of the pitch angle of the wing assembly by means of the pitch adjustment means.
 27. A controller according to claim 26 configured to cause a temporary increase in the pitch angle of the wing assembly to increase a downward force imposed by the wing apparatus when the apparatus is in the deployed condition and at least one predetermined force enhancement condition exists.
 28. A controller according to claim 27 configured to receive a signal indicative of the amount of brake force generated by the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the amount of brake force exceeds a predetermined value.
 29. A controller according to claim 27 or 28 configured to receive a signal indicative of the amount of lateral acceleration experienced by the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the amount of lateral acceleration exceeds a predetermined lateral acceleration value and/or the steering angle of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined steering angle.
 30. A vehicle comprising apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to
 22. 31. A vehicle according to claim 30 further comprising a controller according to any one of claims 23 to
 29. 32. A vehicle according to claim 30 or 31 as depending through claim 15 wherein the apparatus is coupled to a boot lid of the motor vehicle and the anchor means is configured releasably to couple the apparatus to a structural member of the vehicle, wherein the structural member forms part of a body of the vehicle other than the boot lid.
 33. A vehicle according to claim 32 wherein the structural member is a portion of the body of the vehicle that defines at least in part an aperture that is opened and closed by the boot lid, and with respect to which the boot lid moves when the boot lid is opened or closed.
 34. A method of increasing traction between a vehicle and ground, the method comprising causing a wing assembly of an active wing apparatus to reversibly deploy in a first direction from a stowed condition to a deployed condition and reversibly expand telescopically along a second direction transverse to the first direction from a compact condition to an expanded condition, wherein the wing assembly is configured to expand telescopically when the wing apparatus deploys from the stowed condition to the deployed condition.
 35. A method according to claim 34 whereby reversibly deploying the wing assembly in a first direction from the stowed condition to the deployed condition comprises causing lifting of the wing assembly from a location within a boot lid of the vehicle.
 36. A method according to claim 34 or 35 comprising causing the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and reversibly expand by means of a single actuator.
 37. A method according to claim 36 comprising causing the wing assembly to reversibly deploy and reversibly expand by means of a single actuator in the form of an electric motor.
 38. A method according to any one of claims 34 to 37 comprising automatically causing the apparatus to reversibly deploy when the apparatus is in the stowed condition and vehicle speed exceeds a first deployment speed value, and to assume the stowed condition if the apparatus is in the deployed condition and vehicle speed falls below a first retraction speed value.
 39. A method according to claim 38 whereby the first deployment speed value is greater than the first retraction speed value.
 40. A method according to any one of claims 34 to 39 comprising automatically causing adjustment of the pitch angle of the wing assembly by means of pitch adjustment means.
 41. A method according to claim 40 comprising automatically causing a temporary increase in the pitch angle of the wing assembly to increase a downward force imposed by the wing apparatus when the apparatus is in the deployed condition and at least one predetermined force enhancement condition exists.
 42. A method according to claim 41 comprising receiving at least one predetermined force enhancement condition signal comprising a signal indicative of the amount of brake force generated by the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the amount of brake force exceeds a predetermined value.
 43. A method according to claim 41 or 42 comprising receiving at least one predetermined force enhancement condition signal comprising a signal indicative of the amount of lateral acceleration experienced by the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the amount of lateral acceleration exceeds a predetermined lateral acceleration value.
 44. A method according to any one of claims 41 to 43 comprising receiving at least one predetermined force enhancement condition signal comprising a signal indicative of the steering angle of the vehicle at a given moment in time, wherein one said at least one force enhancement condition is that the steering angle exceeds a predetermined value.
 45. A non-transitory computer readable carrier medium carrying a computer readable code for controlling a vehicle automatically to carry out the method of any one of claims 33 to
 43. 46. A computer program product executable on a processor so as to implement the method of any one of claims 34 to
 44. 47. A computer readable medium loaded with the computer program product of claim
 46. 48. A processor arranged to implement the method of any one of claims 34 to 44, or the computer program product of claim
 46. 49. An apparatus, vehicle, controller, method, carrier medium, computer program product, computer readable medium or processor substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 